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The Bottle Gourd and 8,000 Years of History in Asia

The Chinese Bottle Gourd has been a favorite of Chinese painters for 8,000 years. Let’s look at a master and a special painting technique called Gogbi.

Master Gourd Artist: Gong Qiugi and Gogbi painting

The Chinese bottle gourd

The Chinese Bottle Gourd

Sometimes as we choose our gourd and imagine what we will put on it, we focus on images we like, or images we think others will like and buy. The images we choose often come from a cultural source of the area as I do here in the desert with the Native American culture around me or we think of community themes or patriotic themes. . That same approach is taken by gourd artists from other cultures. They look at a gourd and see other images and stories. This process has existed for years.

As we look at the bottle gourd on our shelf we are unaware that this gourd form has been here for over 8000 years.  The bottle gourd has been recovered from archaeological contexts in China and Japan dating to ca. 8,000–9,000 B.P

The Chinese bottle gourd,water gourd

Dried calabash was used as containers for liquids, often liquors or medicines. The samurai of the Edo Period in Japan used them for water jugs.

This samurai wine gourd has an attached cup with lacquer work. A museum recently sold it for $ 18,000. Maybe there is hope some of our gourd art will last that long!

water gourd

Calabash gourds were also grown in earthen molds to form different shapes with imprinted floral or arabesque designs.

The ancient Chinese cultures also manipulated gourds in molds often as Buda shapes.  Molded gourds were also dried to house pet crickets.  The texture of the gourd lends itself nicely to the sound of the insect, much like a musical instrument. This one is from the Qing dynasty.

cricket house
immortals god

The Chinese Bottle Gourd

The Chinese with its long history have attached much meaning to the bottle gourd.

The húlu as the calabash is called in Mandarin Chinese, is an ancient symbol for health. Hulu had fabled healing properties due to doctors in former timers carrying medicine inside it.

The Hulu was believed to absorb negative, earth-based qi (energy) that would otherwise affect health, and is a traditional Chinese medicine cure. The bottle gourd is a symbol of the Eight Immortals, and particularly Li Tieguai, who is associated with medicine.

Li Tieguai’s gourd was said to carry medicine that could cure any illness and never emptied, which he dispensed to the poor and needy. Some folk myths say the “gourd had spirals of smoke ascend from it, denoting his power of setting his spirit free from his body,” and that it “served as a bedroom for the night. A vapor cloud emanates from the gourd, and within it is the sage’s hun (soul);

The Chinese Bottle Gourd as a talisman

Because the gourd contains many seeds, the Chinese associate the gourd with “10,000 children”.  In ancient China, parents hoped for many sons and grandsons so the gourd became an important charm symbol for a large family with many children. Today they are still popular among young families and are easily found in local shops. 

The Chinese bottle gourdmhanging bottle gourds
gourd charm

The gourd is also a popular charm to ward off evil spirits and disease because its first character (Hulu 葫芦) has the same pronunciation as the word to “protect” or “guard”  (hu 护) and also the word for “blessing” (hu 祜).

This gourd charm has the Chinese characters fu (福) and shou (寿) on its reverse side.

Fu means “happiness” and shou means “longevity”.

The Chinese Bottle Gourd for painting

Gong Qiuqi is a master gourd artist who uses the traditional Chinese art techniques of Gogbi painting to add images to his gourds.  Like you and I, he is very particular with his choice of gourd, looking for the perfect skin surface for paint. He collects images of favorite mythological stores and shares those stories through his painting.

Watch as he chooses a gourd hanging from the top of a windowsill and then sits with just a pencil and draws and then paints with few tools.

The Chinese bottle gourd,painting details
The Chinese bottle gourd,story gourd

The Chinese Bottle Gourd becomes a “story gourd”.

What caught my attention was his choice of a gourd for a “story gourd”. Our patched tried these once as a challenge and we all struggled with how to move from scene to scene on the gourd. He found the perfect gourd for that challenge idea.

The four well-known characters of the Chinese literary classic Journey to the West were sculpted on the four prominent sections one by one, against the backdrop of mountains and clouds in the distance and the rocks and pine trees nearby. A flowing creek was also added to the dented area. The bulges and dents on the surface of the gourd coincide with the rugged road to the west, serving as an apposite symbol of the hardships the four will encounter.

Thanks to the superb skills of the artisan, this artwork looks natural, elegant, and harmonious although the main characters are in separate sections.

His painting skills are amazing along with his precision and management of space. It is sub-titled, so you may need to watch it more than once to see everything.

Want to learn more about the traditional Chinese art techniques of Gogbi painting? This video in English will show you how.

What did you find most interesting about this artist. Have you tried a story gourd?

Share your thoughts here in the comment box or share them with all the gourd artists on our Facebook Group Page. 

Return to the Blog page for other articles.

Pinterest users can help me spread the word about my posts and jewelry by re-pinning your favorites from my Pinterest page.

Bettie Lake

I am a former art educator and gourd art master helping new artists understand how to succeed with gourd art. I use my blog posts and our Facebook Group Page to communicate with my followers. Hopefully you learn some new things from this post and will return to read others.

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